In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, French cooks began to claim central roles in defining and enforcing taste, as well as in educating their diners to changing standards. Tracing the transformation of culinary trades in France during the Revolutionary era, Jennifer J. Davis argues that the work of cultivating sensibility in food was not simply an elite matter; it was essential to the livelihood of thousands of men and women.
Combining rigorous archival research with social history and cultural studies, Davis analyzes the development of cooking aesthetics and practices by examining the propagation of taste, the training of cooks, and the policing of the culinary marketplace in the name of safety and good taste. French cooks formed their profession through a series of debates intimately connected to broader Enlightenment controversies over education, cuisine, law, science, and service. Though cooks assumed prominence within the culinary public sphere, the unique literary genre of gastronomy replaced the Old Regime guild police in the wake of the French Revolution as individual diners began to rethink cooks’ authority. This question of who wielded culinary influence—and thus shaped standards of taste—continued to reverberate throughout society into the early nineteenth century.
This remarkable study illustrates how culinary discourse affected French national identity within the country and around the globe, where elite cuisine bears the imprint of the country’s techniques and labor organization.
Jennifer J. Davis is an assistant professor of history at the University of Oklahoma.
Praise for Defining Culinary Authority
“It is a pleasure to welcome a new generation of historians who, like Jennifer J. Davis, are bringing new materials and new questions to the study of cuisine. Davis’s book is a triumph of archival research as well as a fresh injection of conceptualization and theory. . . . This is an ambitious book that raises cuisine to the level of art and literature as an important way to understand French society.”—American Historical Review
